New research reveals for the first time the factors which low paid workers in Scotland believe are needed to deliver decent work – with sufficient pay not enough.
The initial results [1], which follow a Scotland-wide consultation with more than 1500 people, suggest low paid workers in Scotland value a raft of other factors beyond a decent hourly wage.
Participants in the project were asked: “What makes for decent work?” A total of 26 different factors (which are detailed in the initial report) were identified. The top five, from the focus groups, were:
- A decent hourly rate
- Job security
- Paid holidays and paid sick leave
- A safe working environment
- A supportive line manager
While these factors appear to be basic minimum standards which should be guaranteed to all workers, research participants suggested this was often not the case.
The project is being undertaken by the University of the West of Scotland-Oxfam Partnership with the support of Warwick University. A full report – including an assessment of how Scotland’s labour market is performing against the priorities identified – will be released later in the year.
While there was some variation in the priorities identified according to gender – for example, women value a supportive line manager more than men – the research shows remarkable consistency in people’s top priorities for decent work.
Francis Stuart, Oxfam Scotland’s Research and Policy Adviser, said: “Too often paid work fails to serve as a reliable route out of poverty – that should concern us all.
“While the focus placed on payment of the living wage is welcome, policymakers still tend to focus on increasing employment rates without paying enough attention to the quality of work created. This research shows the quality of employment is also critically important to people’s lives.
“Ahead of May’s Scottish Parliament elections, we hope all political parties consider the priorities identified by low paid workers, and outline what they will do using devolved powers to help make work better in Scotland.”
In October, Oxfam Scotland called on all political parties in Scotland to support the development of minimum standards of job quality and commit to promoting them. [2]
Dr Hartwig Pautz, Lecturer in Social Sciences at the University of the West of Scotland, said: “It’s not surprising that being paid enough to cover basic needs was one of the consistent things identified as important. But the UWS-Oxfam Partnership research also shows that decent work is about much more than only a living wage, as important as a real living wage is.
“Many of the people we spoke to stressed that they wanted more fairness and respect in their workplace. For them, that meant fair pay for similar jobs and fair rules and procedures applied equally without discrimination.
“Our experiences, as researchers in this project, clearly demonstrate that job quality and decent work are important topics for people in Scotland and that a public debate is needed. Our ongoing work in this project will contribute to this debate.”
The research involved focus groups, individual interviews, street stalls and an opinion poll [3]. The project had a particular focus on the views of women and men with experience of low-paid work and an effort was made to engage groups who may face additional disadvantages in the workplace beyond low pay, including ethnic minorities and people with a disability.
Dr Sally Wright, Senior Research Fellow, from Warwick University, said: “This report is the first of its type in Scotland. It not only provides a voice for workers who want decent work, it shows what needs to change for decent work to be created in Scotland.
“Low paid workers want a decent income, but they also want basic protections in their work, including job security, paid leave, a safe working environment and a supportive line manager. Too many low-paid workers are lacking even these basic features from their work.”
The table below shows the five top priorities identified in the report, as well as illustrative quotes from participants who took part in focus groups and interviews.
